The answer to this is in how the technology of "shock" collars (as they were called in the past) has changed a lot since they originated several years ago. The stimulation in the electronic collars we use is much like a
TENS unit and provides a tapping sensation that is used to get the dog's attention on a very low level. We use a brand called
Dogtra. We do not use "shock" collars, but electronic collars employed by the top obedience trainers around the world and in Lexington.